tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-24074549690850513822024-03-14T08:37:28.668-07:00The Norwegian Institute of PermatectureLet's make our world wholeUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2407454969085051382.post-70995633980620510862014-07-28T10:49:00.000-07:002014-07-28T10:49:27.783-07:00A New Kind of WorldThe Permatecture Institute of Norway is still just a vision. The goal is to create a new kind of world!<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>A world in which we experience, daily, our unity with the universe </li>
<li>A world which is made like nature – and in which we are daily making nature </li>
<li>A world in which the daily process of making, adapting, and deepening is a vital part of our lives </li>
<li>A world in which there is something to believe in – not a religious thing – but a believable vision of God as the unity behind all things which guides us and impels us to act in certain ways. God not conceived of as a construct of any organized religion, but as a fact of nature and its wholeness </li>
<li>A social and political world which contains (and explicitly provides) the freedom for us to act in this way – something we rarely have today </li>
<li>A world in which we feel the cultural trace of human beings before us who made and loved every part </li>
<li>A world in which we value ourselves according to the beauty of the places we have carved out, and modified, and taken care of, and in which we have woven our lives together with that of other people, animals, and plants </li>
<li>A world in which buildings are shaped according to these principles, and laws governing the shaping of buildings in this way, are the laws most precious to us, and those to which we give most weight </li>
<li>A world in which we have an entirely new understanding of what it means for the world to be sustainable: not a technical matter, but a matter in which respect for the whole governs</li>
<li>Above all, there is a world in which meaning exists. The deadly and frightening state in which we do not know why we are here, is replaced by a world in which there is a natural and accurate and truthful picture — an answer to the question ‘why am I here’ – one that is not made up, but that stems from and accords with the true nature of things </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<i>-<a href="http://www.natureoforder.com/library/a-new-kind-of-world.htm"> Christopher Alexander</a></i></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2407454969085051382.post-52789552846718556432014-03-03T06:16:00.002-08:002014-03-03T06:41:32.348-08:00The Stress Reservoir<h3>
Christopher Alexander, <i>The Phenomenon of Life</i>, pages 376 – 378:</h3>
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We shall understand the negative effect of environment on human freedom more deeply by considering the phenomenon of stress.<br />
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Broadly speaking, the reaction to each unsolved problem, or annoyance, or conflict that is encountered creates in the individual some level of stress (1). Stress is initially functional and productive. It’s purpose is to mobilize the body in such a way that problems get solved. Adrenaline and other agents are mobilized throughout the system, creating special alertness and energy. All these help to address conflicts, unwind them, and to remove sources of annoyance. Each conflict or difficulty that the organism encounters, so long as it remains unsolved, adds to the stress that is mobilized. But there is a limited capacity of stress in every human individual. Varying from person to person, it is nevertheless quite finite in all of us.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hair_pulling_stress.jpg/640px-Hair_pulling_stress.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hair_pulling_stress.jpg/640px-Hair_pulling_stress.jpg" height="427" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image: Stuartpilbrow at Flickr</i></td></tr>
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There is, in effect, a stress reservoir in the body. The amount of stress being coped with fills this reservoir, to different levels at different times. But as the stress reaches the top of the reservoir, the organism’s ability to deal effectively with the stress decreases. This then gives rise to the ”stress,” as used in its popular meaning. The organism is overloaded. There are more problems occurring than can be solved. The total stress mobilized is beyond what the organism can cope with effectively. Slowly the situation deteriorates. When the stress is too great, creative functioning is impaired. Sometimes it finally breaks down altogether.<br />
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Perhaps the most important finding of modern research on stress is that stress is cumulative, <i>because it is all in one currency</i>. Stress from many worries, stress from physical pain, stress from an unresolved argument, <b><span style="color: red;"><i>stress from light shining in one’s eyes</i></span></b> – it is all stress, and it is all <i>one</i> kind of stress. So each of these apparently disparate stress effects fills the same stress reservoir.<br />
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<b><i>Almost any unresolved problem, <span style="color: red;">even when small</span>, adds to the reservoir of stress, and can reduce a person’s ability to function well</i></b>. So long as challenges faced are within the limits of the stress reservoir, a person is actively solving problems, and becomes more alive, more capable, more rewarded in the process of meeting the challenges. When the stress reservoir fills to impossible levels, the effect is opposite, and the accumulated stress prevents productivity, prevents loving relationships, prevents artistic and intellectual creativity, prevents people from being effective.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_OnMzaZ6Asq5nsZYNFcGX3ujjr0eX1qFOMJ4VMPihQSa0uzC5uieBwOtWky317eVJvE51MG8UhYlusMo0656Fm-xJYqSVABDL6kqfGqrQ78AxeweDPsmZSb11Z74lm_ISMfCmSuQUyrCW/s1600/Stressemur+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_OnMzaZ6Asq5nsZYNFcGX3ujjr0eX1qFOMJ4VMPihQSa0uzC5uieBwOtWky317eVJvE51MG8UhYlusMo0656Fm-xJYqSVABDL6kqfGqrQ78AxeweDPsmZSb11Z74lm_ISMfCmSuQUyrCW/s400/Stressemur+2.jpg" height="425" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The wall outside the University Art Museum in Berkeley</i></td></tr>
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To see more exactly how the accumulation of stress, and disruption of the healthy relation between living structures in the environment and human freedom works, look at the case of a wall outside the University Art Museum in Berkeley, California. This wall has sloping sides, unlike a normal wall which has straight sides. Both ground surface and wall are made of concrete, and the concrete slopes and curves continuously from the flat ground to the vertical surface of the wall to form the wall. I suppose the architect supposed this would be fun, or exiting – or perhaps just “different.” But what it actually does is to create very tiny amounts of stress. A person walking along cannot quite tell where the sloping part starts, so there is a chance of tripping. One has to walk away from the wall, minding one’s feet, and has to give up what one is thinking in order to concentrate on not bumping into the wall. And if you were inclined to sit on the wall, you could not. The top of it is too far back from the flat part on the ground; your legs don’t quite reach. So this wall, apparently fun and interesting, is actually a little expensive in needless stress, and in discomfort. This could have been avoided with an ordinary wall 16 inches high, thick enough to sit on, with a wide top, where you can see what it is when you walk by, and where you can sit down if you are tired, wait for a friend, or have a sandwich.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Sitte_p%C3%A5_Alexandrinsk_mur_6_tommer_h%C3%B8y-3.JPG/640px-Sitte_p%C3%A5_Alexandrinsk_mur_6_tommer_h%C3%B8y-3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Sitte_p%C3%A5_Alexandrinsk_mur_6_tommer_h%C3%B8y-3.JPG/640px-Sitte_p%C3%A5_Alexandrinsk_mur_6_tommer_h%C3%B8y-3.JPG" height="425" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>"This could have been avoided with an ordinary wall 16 inches high, thick enough to sit on, with a wide top, where you can see what it is when you walk by, and where you can sit down if you are tired, wait for a friend, or have a sandwich." </i><i>See also <a href="http://www.jacana.plus.com/pattern/P243.htm">pattern 243</a>, Sitting Wall.</i></td></tr>
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Of course, this example is small scale. Human life would be easy if we only had a few problems of this kind to contend with. It seems almost petty to mention it; perhaps too critical of the architect who was, conceivably, just having fun.<br />
<br />
Let us now consider a rather more troublesome example from architecture. This concerns the life of small families with small children on the fifth or sixth floor, or higher, in apartment buildings. The problem has been well documented: the mother with small children; the apartment usually small. Naturally the children – when they are home – want to go out to play with their friends, on the ground, six stories below. The mother wants them to be able to play there. But she cannot easily keep an eye on them, and she can’t get to them quickly if something happens. But she can’t keep them in the apartment, which is too small anyway. So the children go down. She worries constantly, thinking perhaps about kidnapping, or a car accident. But there is no alternative. If she finds it too stressful, she keeps them in the apartment, but after an hour the children romping about breaking things in the apartment, which is too small to contain many friends, she gives up and goes back to the inevitable. She lives with this stress day in, day out. If she tries to go down to watch the children, from the ground, then the cooking doesn’t get done, and all kinds of other negative consequences come from it. There is no way to win. One way or another, this condition remains in her for the few years when her children are young enough to need supervision, but young enough to keep at home. This stress cycle contains a series of factors linked in a “can’t win” pattern. It is just one example of a negatively charged system of conflicting forces which occurs in certain kind of apartments: one of the many other things that might be said about not very good apartment buildings.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Apartment_Blocks_in_Mid-levels_2009.jpg/800px-Apartment_Blocks_in_Mid-levels_2009.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Apartment_Blocks_in_Mid-levels_2009.jpg/800px-Apartment_Blocks_in_Mid-levels_2009.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image: WiNG / Wikimedia Commons</i></td></tr>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
The main point is that we here have a second example, in structure like that of the museum wall, of a system which absorbs energy and makes living more difficult, and thus interferes with a positive development of people’s lives. This example is somewhat larger in scope and in its effects than the art museum wall. The <i>nature</i> of the stress that is induced is the same.<br />
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Each example adds to the total reservoir of stress people must contend with. It makes everything else more difficult, and a meaningful life just that little bit harder to attain. By themselves, the stress from these two cases could not fill up a person’s stress reservoir. But when these small items increase, and multiply, they begin to have a cumulative effect which is not positive, but negative.<br />
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It is in the subtle interplay of factors of this kind that the environment has its effect – positive or negative – on human life.<br />
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<br />
(1) Stress, and the stress reservoir model I summarize here, has been studied extensively, by Hans Selye and others. Hans Selye, THE STRESS OF LIFE (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984).</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2407454969085051382.post-10169158250231486792013-06-30T10:28:00.001-07:002015-10-25T23:40:53.033-07:00Eishin Campus<div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://eishin.ac/about/images/campus2/BirdView.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://eishin.ac/about/images/campus2/BirdView.jpg" height="426" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Overview of the Eishin Campus (Higashino High School). Some buildings are yet to be built. See more beautiful images from the home page of the Eishin Campus <a href="http://eishin.ac/" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: large;">here</span></b></a>.</i></td></tr>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
This collection of images are used with permission. Here is my e-mail from Takeshi Kakeda:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
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Hello Øyvind,<br />
<br />
Thank you for your message from Quora and Flickr.<br />
<br />
Please use my photos of eishin campus on your site! :-)<br />
<br />
Cecilia gave me advice to translate photo's labels into english before. <br />
So I want many people to see my photos of eishin campus more and more.<br />
<br />
I was taught by Hiroshi Nakano who was one of pupils of Alexander.<br />
He said that Eishin School was changed a lot after it was constructed.<br />
Many students and parents of students have benn maintaining the school <br />
themselves. Eishin's quality have been growing by them.<br />
<br />
Best regards,<br />
-Takeshi<br />
<br />
Takeshi Kakeda<br />
<br />
<a href="http://twitter.com/kkd">http://twitter.com/kkd</a><br />
<a href="http://www.facebook.com/takeshi.kakeda">http://www.facebook.com/takeshi.kakeda</a><br />
<a href="http://jp.linkedin.com/in/takeshikakeda">http://jp.linkedin.com/in/takeshikakeda</a><br />
<br />
See the collection of these pictures on <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/kakeda/sets/72157622334241919/"><b>FLICKR</b></a>.<br />
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Read the book about the creation of the campus:<br />
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<b><i>- <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Battle-Life-Beauty-Earth-World-Systems/dp/0199898073">The Battle for the Life and Beauty of the Earth: A Struggle Between Two World-Systems (Center for Environmental Structure) [Hardcover]</a></i></b><br />
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To see a larger view or to start a slideshow, click on the image.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Banner told school festival</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tea field</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The first gate</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map of campus</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2489/3955305313_1ce23463b4_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2489/3955305313_1ce23463b4_b.jpg" height="640" width="424" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Way from first gate to second gate</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2486/3955305701_f1bd904c5a_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2486/3955305701_f1bd904c5a_b.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clubroom</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Parking lot for bicycles</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2661/3955306609_9236d8aee2_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2661/3955306609_9236d8aee2_b.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bulletin board</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2423/3956088894_cd15a1b6b0_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2423/3956088894_cd15a1b6b0_b.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Manager's room</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Second gate</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3445/3956089832_a1487eb272_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3445/3956089832_a1487eb272_b.jpg" height="640" width="424" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Second gate and dining hall</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2582/3956090244_7abd383b56_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2582/3956090244_7abd383b56_b.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Handmage blocks</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2670/3956090616_623cf06347_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2670/3956090616_623cf06347_b.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The inside of second gate</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2523/3955309085_6e82f206e0_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2523/3955309085_6e82f206e0_b.jpg" height="640" width="425" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A room for school festival executive committee</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2509/3956091476_81b631ded6_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2509/3956091476_81b631ded6_b.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pond and dining hall</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3493/3956091982_be01f4e32e_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3493/3956091982_be01f4e32e_b.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Main auditorium</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Zelkova tree</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Office building</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bridge</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Schoolhouse</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Schoolhouse and gate</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3021/3955312865_1ae01b6c2f_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3021/3955312865_1ae01b6c2f_b.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dining hall</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pond and dining hall</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Schoolhouse</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Home Base Street</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Central Hall</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Classroom</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Classroom</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Classroom</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Trashcan and handmade lid</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Shoe shelves</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Open stairs</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The way to schoolhouse</td></tr>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2490/3956101012_a8b3f16b19_b.jpg" height="425" width="640" /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3518/3955319317_c2251dc39b_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3518/3955319317_c2251dc39b_b.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Schoolhouses</td></tr>
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<img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2601/3955320205_57f959173d_b.jpg" height="425" width="640" /></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3521/3955321113_08c98e1762_b.jpg" height="425" width="640" /></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Entrance of art room</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ceiling of art room</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2533/3956107094_a78ea85f8c_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2533/3956107094_a78ea85f8c_b.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Art room</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Window frame</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Window of art room</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3504/3956108338_46ba698b22_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3504/3956108338_46ba698b22_b.jpg" height="640" width="424" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stairs from art room to entrance</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Handrail</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Art & home economics hall, multipurpose hall</td></tr>
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<a href="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2589/3955327551_9b6ee8ba2a_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2589/3955327551_9b6ee8ba2a_b.jpg" height="640" width="424" /></a></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Arcade college</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Arcade college</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Window of library</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ceiling of library</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stairs of library</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Martial-arts hall</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inside of martial-arts hall</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inside of martial-arts hall</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tennis court</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grove</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Way to the court</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grove and martial-arts hall</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Snail</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tomb for a dog</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Staff room</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Doghouse</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Citrus fruits</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Corridor in front of staff room</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Contrast</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Watch tower</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The gate to the schoolhouse</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bicycle trailer with student's father</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Main court and pond</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gymnasium</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2531/3956122738_c7918b819e_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2531/3956122738_c7918b819e_b.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inside of gymnasium</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2670/3956123176_10124113b1_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2670/3956123176_10124113b1_b.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ceiling of gymnasium</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Second story of gymnasium</td></tr>
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<img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2633/3956124056_d98433e536_b.jpg" height="425" width="640" /></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2578/3956127554_f519c23547_b.jpg" height="425" width="640" /></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3225/3955346387_eff01f72b4_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3225/3955346387_eff01f72b4_b.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Forest</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tree and bridge</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Biotope for purifying water</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Biotope for purifying water</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Biotope for purifying water</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Water plants</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stream</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pond</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Butterfly</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The inside of main auditorium</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pillar of main auditorium</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Second floor of auditorium</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Second floor of auditorium</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Window frame of auditorium</td></tr>
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<img border="0" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2660/3956135720_6f617a98cf_b.jpg" height="425" width="640" /></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Auditorium</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bridge</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Auditorium</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Crossing the bridge</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bridge</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bridge</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bridge and auditorium</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Shore of the pond</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bridge (side view)</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Open space in front of dining hall</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Schoolhouses</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The whole view</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Butterfly</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Turtle in the pond</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Schoolhouse for second grade</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Second gate</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Office building</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The map of campus</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">First gate from second gate</td></tr>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2407454969085051382.post-6058932725210454922013-06-30T10:28:00.000-07:002013-06-30T10:28:37.255-07:00The Homegrown Cities Project: Commonsense to the Rescue of Mumbai SlumsMatias Echanove and Rahul Srivastava<br />
URBZ/Urbanology, Mumbai<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://fbcdn-sphotos-f-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/1017585_183763488457044_641323534_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-f-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/1017585_183763488457044_641323534_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Bhandup is a hill-side neighborhood. In the distance we can see the presence of high-rise buildings. Some of them are up-market others are cheaply built "slum rehabilitation schemes".</i></td></tr>
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Like John F.C. Turner, the British born architect who in the 1970s and 1980s influenced some of the World Bank’s most progressive urban programs, we believe that decision-making and initiatives on housing related issues is better left at the local level. This is especially true in contexts such as Mumbai, where government-led schemes and incentives to the private sectors have blatantly failed to provide both quantity and quality when it comes to affordable housing.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://fbcdn-sphotos-d-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/944445_183763485123711_1930269819_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-d-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/944445_183763485123711_1930269819_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>These two houses were completed in the last 6 months by Amar Mirjankar, who is our local partner for the pilot project.</i></td></tr>
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Unfortunately, none of Turner’s ideas have any currency left in the context of Mumbai’s booming (sur)real estate market. Public land is seen as too valuable to be left to the poor. Slums are no longer upgraded and discussions on the “right to housing” seem anachronistic. Entire neighbourhoods are wiped off the map and replaced by monofunctional housing blocks that represent the degree zero of architectural, urban and social thinking. What is happening is precisely the kind of man-made disasters that Turner was denouncing in the 1960s and 1970s! All over again.<br />
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For the past 6 to 7 years, URBZ has been working is parts of Mumbai hugely disservice and misrepresent by the “slum” label affixed to them. It doesn’t help them get urgent support and planning. Quite on the contrary, it puts them on the map as raw material for redevelopment, and at the end of the queue for municipal services. The “slum” label also perpetuates a hugely negative image that is often far from what residents and visitor can experience.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://fbcdn-sphotos-c-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/1013104_183763458457047_1158608586_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-c-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/1013104_183763458457047_1158608586_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Community ties are particularly strong in Bhandup, where many residents come from coastal Maharashtra. The presence of wells as well as the architectural typology of the area attest of the the enduring presence of village ethos in homegrown neighborhoods, even at the heart of Mumbai's 20 million strong urban agglomeration.</i></td></tr>
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Bhandup is called a slum by the municipality. We prefer to refer to this hillside settlement located in the northeastern suburbs of Mumbai, as a “homegrown neighborhood”. We have been active there for a few years, documenting local construction techniques and contributing to the construction of a Hindu temple. From above, Bhandup looks a lot like a Rio favela. Within it has the same vibrancy and similar infrastructural issues. The area is typically low-rise, high-density and pedestrian. It is also mixed-use, hosting great variety of businesses within its residential fabric. Every time we visit the area we see new houses being built by local masons and residents. Each of them occupies a 150 to 200 square feet area, and has one or two floors. Bhandup residents have access to water and community toilets, and electricity is available everywhere. Most people have television and cell phones. No one there is dying of hunger. What this neighbourhood needs most is to be recognized as a viable form of urbanization –not as a slum. The efforts of its residents and local constructors should be supported. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://fbcdn-sphotos-e-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/1010025_183763455123714_277495600_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-e-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/1010025_183763455123714_277495600_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>URBZ has been involved for a few years with the neighborhood. It notably contributed to the construction of a Sai Baba temple, which was inaugurated in May 2013. The construction of the temple was a prime example of user-generated development, as many people from the area participated financially and physically in the construction.</i></td></tr>
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Our contention is that only by working within the existing fabric and with local actors, can urbanists, architects, engineers and policy makers contribute meaningfully to ongoing user-lead improvement in homegrown neighbourhoods. This is why we have just launched the project “Homegrown Cities” that aims at demonstrating that commonsensical alternatives to “redevelopment” do exist.<br />
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Our aim is to help improving construction techniques and to promote the creation of cooperative housing societies that can take an active role in managing and planning the area. We want communities to have a strong voice in how the develop. We also want to provide opportunities for cross-learning and technical collaboration between residents, local builders, and professionals from outside. This aspect of the project will develop incrementally, along with the neighbourhood.<br />
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Our departure point is at once modest and ambitious. We want to build a house, together with its future users and a local mason that we have been following from some time. Once completed the house will be sold at the same price as any other small house in the area. Houses that are put on the market locally are usually sold within two months at most because there is an enormous demand for affordable housing in the city. We will then repeat this process till we build a critical number of houses. We want to innovate as we go, learning and deepening our relationship with the residents. One of the many things we have in mind is the creation of a fund that would allow us to put new houses on lease, so that even those with no access to capital can get access to housing. If successful, we intend on expending this model in other places.<br />
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We launched a crowd-funding campaign, which we hope will allow us to raise enough capital to demonstrate the validity of this approach. This pilot project can then be repeated again in Bhandup and at other places –each time bringing global exposure to local actors and contexts, and vice-versa. This hybrid model, relying on local market dynamics and the solidarity of the "crowd" should allow us to revive some of the best features of the Turner inspired schemes of the 1970s and 1980s, while addressing some of their shortcomings.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://fbcdn-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/1011923_183763445123715_164972800_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/1011923_183763445123715_164972800_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>We are constantly inspired by the enthusiasm, dynamism, pride and resourcefulness of the residents, some of whom we have interacted with for a few years now. Here some of us are posing for the photo with temple committee members.</i></td></tr>
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<b>A few ways you could help:</b><br />
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You could contribute financially via our crowdfunding page: <a href="http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/homegrown-cities">http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/homegrown-cities</a>. You could "like" Homegrown Cities and share the project with your network of family, friends and colleagues, via our Facebook page: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/HomegrownCities">https://www.facebook.com/HomegrownCities</a>, and you call follow us on twitter @HomegrownCities. You could offer your expertise in the following realms: legal, political, engineering, fund-raising, design. If you wish to read more on that project, please see our post on URBZ: <a href="http://urbz.net/the-homegrown-cities-project">http://urbz.net/the-homegrown-cities-project</a>.<br />
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Matias Echanove and Rahul Srivastava are co-founders of “URBZ: user-generated cities” and The Institute of Urbanology. They also co-author the blog airoots/eirut. They live and work in Mumbai and Goa respectively.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1